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Archaeobotanical characteristics of plant macroremains of Bronze Age and Iron Age deposits from south Bohemia in settlement and burial contexts
ŠÁLKOVÁ, Tereza
The thesis deals with archaeobotanical analysis and its possible contribution in different types of Bronze Age and Iron Age archaeological contexts. Using this method on selected excavations of the period under study in southern Bohemia, it was possible to capture the species structure of cultivated plants and its development during the studied period. In the context of central Europe, the composition of the plants cultivated in southern Bohemia was closer to the Alpine region in the Early and Middle Bronze Age. In the Late and Final Bronze Age, the composition of the spectrum of cultivated plants in southern Bohemia was distinctive, but closer to the core areas of Bohemia. In the Iron Age, the individual South Bohemian assemblages were different, which was, however, also typical for the Alpine and core areas of Bohemia. However, both of these regions differed from the eastern regions. Archaeobotany made it possible to reconstruct open agricultural landscapes with a high deforestation in the hinterland of hillforts and settlements of the Early and Middle Bronze Age, as well as in the hinterland of model settlements of the Late Bronze Age in the Bechyně region - Hvožďany and Březnice. The deforested landscape was also reflected in the burial on the fringe of the Iron Age settled area in Zahrádka by Český Krumlov. During the period under study the use of plant resources and the economic importance of plant foraging in the hinterland of settlements and around burial sites has been documented. Archaeobotany allowed reconstructing details of the processes related to the deposition of metal hoards in the Bronze Age, processes related to the burial rite and the use of the landscape in the vicinity of the burial sites, as well as processes of waste disposal in the settlements.
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Regional yield forecasting for improved decision making in the plant production
Trnka, Miroslav ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Kudláčková, Lucie ; Balek, Jan ; Meitner, Jan ; Možný, Martin ; Štěpánek, Petr ; Bartošová, Lenka ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Bláhová, Monika ; Lukas, Vojtěch ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The methodology describes how to predict yields of key crops, and at the same time addresses reliability of the predictions and how these can be used. The ability to predict yield levels more than 2 months prior the harvest on the level of regions (NUTS3¨) and districts (LAU1) brings also new opportunities to mitigate impacts of adverse conditions. The methodology shows that the yield forecasts and yield anomalies in particular are consistent and usable in practices. In this methodology, the results of 2018 yield forecasts are presented as an example. The yield forecasting system for the Czech Republic is fully functional and is and will be available through www.vynosy-plodin.cz.
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Use of ESI index for drought monitoring and crop yield forecasting
Jurečka, František ; Anderson, M. ; Hlavinka, Petr ; Hain, C. ; Wayne, D. ; Gao, F. ; Johnson, D. M. ; Otkin, J. ; Žalud, Zdeněk ; Trnka, Miroslav
Remote sensing is already for many years used for various analysis providing limited factors for agriculture production. Drought monitoring, vegetation conditions in the fields and crop\n131 yield forecasting in context of climatic conditions of recent years seem to be crucial. Methods of remote sensing use various wavebands behaving differently under different surfaces and vegetation covers. Remote sensing use many indices for study of vegetation conditions and agriculture landscape and for forecasting yield. In this case, index ESI (Evaporative Stress Index) was used for drought monitoring and yield forecasting. Index ESI is used by ALEXI model (Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse model).\n
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Options effective use of private insurance for chosen agricultural company
Daněk, Jan ; Šlajs, Jan (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
This aim of this thesis is to tackle the effective use of risk management within private insurance for a selected agricultural company. The paper suggests that it is fundamental to identify such a risk and subsequently define it. Consequently, the identified risk is analysed along with the concept of insurance, which is also essential for work. After an analysis of agricultural insurance in the Czech Republic, the paper further compares the variety of insurance available as offered by local insurance companies. The state's point of view is scrutinized in relation to the variety of insurance offered, as the state provides the Support and Guarantee Fund and Agricultural and Forestry Fund, Inc., which provides subsidies to the farmers. Subsequently, the paper demonstrates the importance of the insurance broker, who acts as a mediator between the insurance company and the farmer. In conclusion, the paper will contemplate to illustrate a real-life example in an agrarian society.
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Erosion danger of soil blocks with selected crops and recommendation of suitable cultivation against erosion
JIRSOVÁ, Monika
This thesis deals with different types of soil degradation under the conditions in the Czech Republic. The first part is focused on the evaluation of the causes and course of degradation of soils in the present time. Among the most serious degradation factors may be included the following: pedocompaction, dehumification, land appropriation, bad infiltration, water and wind erosion. In the Czech Republic, only water erosion alone threatens 42% of all agricultural land. In the thesis organisational, technical and agrotechnical anti-erosion control measures are summarised. Their utilisation, efficiency and sophistication are also described. In the next part of the thesis there are six specific land blocks in the same farm in South Bohemia presented. Each of these blocks has a different acreage, the average slope, the crops cultivated and different representation of strongly threatened and moderately erosion-threatened vulnerable areas. The thesis evaluates the number of plants per 1 sq. m, the condition and density of the growth due to the erosive threat to all of these localities.
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Cultivation and use of eastern goat's rue Galega orientalis Lamb. in the Czech Republic
Usťak, Sergej ; Váňa, Vojtěch
The aim of the methodology is to provide farmers, agricultural advisors and anyone interested in growing and processing of agricultural biomass as a renewable source of raw materials and energy the basic information about a prospective non-traditional crop - eastern goat's rue Galega orientalis Lamb. Up to now, a comprehensive methodology for cultivation this crop in conditions of the Czech Republic is not processed. The publication provides basic botanical characteristics of the crop, specifies its soil and ecological habitat requirements, describes the agricultural technologies for seeding, cultivation, fertilization, plant protection, harvesting and post-harvest treatment and gives an overview of potential productivity and main utilization possibilities, especially for biogas. The importance of this legume for soil fertility is also emphasized.
Fulltext:  PDF
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Using remotely sensed NDVI for drought impact assessment within selected crops
Hlavinka, Petr ; Trnka, Miroslav ; Semerádová, Daniela ; Dobrovolný, P. ; Balek, J. ; Možný, M. ; Štěpánek, P. ; Hayes, M. ; Svoboda, M. ; Wardlow, B. ; Žalud, Zdeněk
The relationship between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and selected agrometeorological parameters (yields of selected crops, water balance) was investigated. The source for NDVI was Spectroradiometer MODIS within satellite Terra and it was available for grids in resolution 500 x 500 m from 2000 to 2010. The analysis was conducted within 12 grids spread through Southern and Central Moravian region. The information about cultivated crops (including spring barley, winter wheat, maize for grains, sugar beet and winter rape) were collected from the farmers and water balance simulated using SoilClim model.
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Problems of damages caused by game to field crops
We evaluated the importance of field crops for the ungulate game species. The large herbivores exploit the field crops at the different intensity according to crop species, season, feeding strategy, human disturbance in the forest etc. The field crops are generally not too important as a food resource for wild ungulate species and in the environment with sufficiency of herb and shrub layer in the forest environment they prefer native diet components.
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